Nā hemahema maʻamau i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka laser alloy alumini

Nā hemahema maʻamau i lokoKuʻihao Laser Alloy Aluminum

Inā paha he kuʻihao autogenous laser a i ʻolekuʻihao hybrid laser-archoʻohana ʻia no nā mea hoʻohui alumini, aia kekahi mau pilikia loea maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke loaʻa nā hemahema inā he metallurgic nā ʻano hana a me nā kūlana wili.kūpono ʻole. ʻO kaʻO nā hemahema al i nā hui alumini alloy nui e komo pū ana me ʻelua ʻano: ka porosity weld a me ka welding wela māwae. Ma waho aʻe o ka porosity a me nā māwae wela, aia nō hoʻi nā hemahema e like me ka undercut a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao hope maikaʻi ʻole i ka welding laser o nā alumini alloys. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka weld porosity, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka hiki ke loaʻa nā māwae welding (ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe a i ʻole ma lalo o ka hoʻonui haʻahaʻa). Eia naʻe, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka weliweli o nā māwae, ua ʻōlelo ʻo JIS Z 3105 i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai kahi māwae i loko o kahi weld, e hoʻoholo ʻia ka weld ma ke ʻano he Papa IV. ʻO ka undercut, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao hope maikaʻi ʻole a me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe he mau hemahema koʻikoʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka kaohi wikiwiki kūpono ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​palena hana kūpono ʻole. ʻIke pinepine ʻia kēlā mau hemahema i ke kahua o ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana a me ka debugging, a ʻaʻole pinepine i nā hana hana maoli. No laila, ʻo ka porosity kahi ʻano hemahema i ʻoi aku ka ʻino i ka welding laser o nā alumini alloys a ma ka lawelawe ʻana i nā hale i welded ʻia, a he paʻakikī ke hoʻopau loa.

1. Ka Pōʻai

ʻO ka porosity ka hemahema nui loa a me ka hemahema nui loa o ka leo.ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka laser o nā mea hoʻohuihui alumini, me nā nui mai nā haneli microns a i kekahi mau millimeters. ʻAʻole maopopo loa kona ʻano hana. ʻAʻole wale ka porosity e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka ʻāpana hana pono o ka weld, akā ke kumu hoʻi i ka noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi, e hōʻemi ana i ka ikaika dynamic a me ka hana luhi o ka hui welded.

Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka alumini alumini i loko o kahi kaiapuni e loaʻa ana ka hydrogen, hiki i kona ʻike hydrogen i loko ke piʻi aku ma mua o 0.69 ml/100g, akā ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana o ka alumini alumini, ʻo kona solubility hydrogen i ke kaulike ma ka nui loa he 0.036 ml/100g. Manaʻo nui ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hoʻoluʻu o ka wili laser, hāʻule koke ka solubility o ka hydrogen, a ʻo ka ua o ka hydrogen supersaturated e hana i ka hydrogen porosity. ʻO ka mahu ʻana o nā mea hoʻohuihui haʻahaʻa-kiko heheʻe a me ke kaomi mahu kiʻekiʻe hiki ke alakaʻi i ka porosity, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka metallurgical porosity. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ke kukuna laser a me ka paʻa ʻole o ka puka kī hiki ke hana i ka porosity, akā he ʻano ʻē kēlā porosity a hiki ke kapa ʻia he porosity i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kaʻina hana. Ma muli o ka hana kemika kiʻekiʻe o nā alumini alumini, ua maʻalahi ka hana ʻana o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide ma luna o ka ʻili. I ka wā o ka wili ʻana, ua palaho ka wai kristal a me ka wai i hui pū ʻia mai ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide ma luna o ka ʻili alumini alumini, me ka makū i ka lewa a me ke kinoea pale, e palaho pololei e hana i ka hydrogen ma kahi wela kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o ka hana a ka laser. Hiki i kēia mau kinoea hydrogen ke hoʻopūʻiwa i ka wā e hoʻomaʻalili ai a paʻa ai ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i nā pehu a i ʻole e hana pololei i nā pehu ma luna o ka ʻili oxide i hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia. Ma muli o ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa o nā mea hoʻohuihui alumini, lohi ka wikiwiki o ka piʻi ʻana o nā pehu i loko o ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Eia kekahi, he ikaika ka conductivity thermal o nā mea hoʻohuihui alumini, a wikiwiki loa ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomaʻalili a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi mau pehu ke pakele i ka manawa a noho i loko o ka weld, a pēlā e hana ai i ka porosity metallurgical. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻo ke kinoea nui i loko o ka porosity o nā welds alloy alumini he hydrogen, no laila ua kapa ʻia ka porosity i loko o nā welds alloy alumini he hydrogen porosity. I ka nānā ʻana i ka haki o ka porosity ma lalo o kahi microscope electron scanning, hōʻike ka porosity i kahi morphology spherical me nā wēlau dendrite i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia o nā kristal dendritic, a he laumania ka paia o loko, maʻemaʻe a ʻaʻohe ona kaha oxidation. ʻO ka noho ʻana o ka porosity ʻaʻole wale e hōʻemi i ka compactness o ka weld a me ka hiki ke hāpai o ka hui, akā e hōʻemi pū i ka ikaika a me ka plasticity o ka hui i nā kekelē like ʻole.

2. Nā Māwae Wela

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā māwae wela (me nā māwae paʻa a me nā māwae liquation) i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana paʻa o ka metala loko wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano kīnā maʻamau i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka laser o nā mea hao alumini. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maopopo loa o ke ʻano haki o nā māwae paʻa, ʻo ia ka ʻili haki i haku ʻia me kahi ʻāpana nui o ka cobblestone granular laumania akā ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano ʻuala, a mālama pinepine ka ʻili i nā eutectics intergranular haʻahaʻa-melting-point a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​peʻe kiʻiʻoniʻoni wai, a me nā koena o ka haki brittle o nā dendrites. Ua like ke ʻano haki o nā māwae liquation me nā māwae paʻa, akā loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano o ka haki intergranular wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka haki paʻa. I ka haki luhi o nā hui fusion-welded ma lalo o ka ukana luhi, he mea maʻamau nō hoʻi nā kumu māwae luhi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ia mau māwae wela. ʻO nā kumu o nā māwae wela i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka laser o nā mea hao alumini e pili nui ana i ko lākou mau ʻano ponoʻī a me nā kaʻina hana hoʻopili. Loaʻa i nā mea hao alumini kahi helu shrinkage nui i ka wā o ka paʻa (a hiki i ka 5%), e hopena ana i ke kaumaha nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka deformation; Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano eutectic haʻahaʻa-kiko heheʻe ma nā palena o ka palaoa i ka wā o ka paʻa ʻana o ka metala weld, kahi e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa o nā palena o ka palaoa, a pēlā e hana ai i nā māwae wela ma lalo o ka hana o ke kaumaha tensile. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻano māwae i ka hoʻoheheʻe laser o nā mea hoʻohui alumini i loko o kēia mau ʻano: nā māwae kikowaena weld; nā māwae laina fusion weld; nā māwae intergranular i nā welds; nā māwae liquation zone i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka wela; nā māwae i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide; a me nā microcracks intergranular.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka pale maikaʻi ʻole i ka wā o ka wili ʻana ke kumu o ka hana ʻana o ka metala wili me nā kinoea i ka lewa, a ʻo nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia he mau kumu māwae paha. ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nui o nā mea hoʻohuihui he mana nui ia i ke ʻano haki wela i ka wā o ka wili ʻana i ka alumini. Ma keʻano laulā, he maikaʻi ka weldability o nā alumini Al-Si a me Al-Mn series a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i nā māwae wela; ʻoiai he kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano haki wela o nā alumini Al-Mg, Al-Cu a me Al-Zn series. Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ke ʻano haki wela ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā palena hana wili e kāohi i nā helu hoʻomehana a me ke anuanu. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano haki wela o ka wili ʻana i ka laser-arc hybrid ma mua o ka wili ʻana i ka uea hoʻopihapiha laser, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano haki wela o ka wili ʻana i ka uea hoʻopihapiha laser ma mua o ka wili ʻana i ka laser autogenous.

3. ʻOki ma lalo a puhi i ke ahi

He haʻahaʻa ka ikehu ionization o nā mea hoʻohuihui alumini, a he maʻalahi ka plasma photo-induced i ka wela nui a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wā o ka wili ʻana, e hopena ana i nā kaʻina hana wili paʻa ʻole. Eia kekahi, he maikaʻi ka wai o nā mea hoʻohuihui alumini wai a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻili. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka komo ʻana, pono pinepine ka nui o ke kahe kinoea pale a me ka mana hoʻopuka laser, kahi e hōʻino ai i ke kūpaʻa o ke kaʻina hana wili, e hoʻoulu ai i ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e loli nui ma lalo o ke kaomi a alakaʻi maʻalahi i nā hemahema e like me ka undercut a me ka burn-through. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia o nā papa alumini i wili ʻia e ka laser ma ke kau ʻana i kahi papa keleawe i hoʻomaʻalili ʻia e ka wai ma ke kua o ka wili.

4. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka Slag

ʻO kekahi ʻano kīnā e kū pinepine ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke kino kaʻa, ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka slag. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e loaʻa pinepine ana ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka slag mai nā oxides ma luna o ka ʻili o nā weldments a me nā uea hoʻopili, a me nā kaʻina hana paʻa ʻole i ka localization o nā mea alumini alloy. No laila, pono nā mea hana mea alumini alloy e hoʻoikaika i ka hana hou ʻenehana a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kaʻina hana hoʻolei e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā haumia a me ka hydrogen i nā mea maka a hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa o ka maikaʻi o nā huahana.